Test Campaigns
Almost any questions can be answered, cheaply, quickly and finally,
by a test campaign. And that's the way to answer them - not by arguments
around a table. Go to the court of last resort - the buyers of your
product.
On every new project there comes up the question of selling that
article profitably. You and your friends may like it, but the majority
may not. Some rival product may be better liked or cheaper. It may
be strongly entrenched. The users won away from it may cost too much
to get.
People may buy and not repeat. The article may last too long. It
may appeal to a small percentage, so most of your advertising goes
to waste.
There are many surprises in advertising. A project you will laugh
at may make a great success. A project you are sure of may fall down.
All because tastes differ so. None of us know enough peoples desires
to get an average viewpoint.
In the old days, advertisers ventured on their own opinions. The
few guess right, the many wrong. Those were the times of advertising
disaster. Even those who succeeded came close to the verge before
the time is turned. They did not know their cost per customer or their
sale per customer. The cost of selling might take a long time to come
back. Often it never came back.
Now we let the thousands decide what the millions will do. We make
a small venture, and watch cost and result. When we learn what
a thousand customers cost, we know almost exactly what a million will
cost. When we learn what they buy, we know what a million will buy.
We establish averages on a small scale, and those averages always
hold. We know our cost, we know our sale, we know our profit and loss.
We know how soon our cost comes back. Before we spread out, we prove
our undertaking absolutely safe. So there are today no advertising
disasters piloted by men who know.
Perhaps we try out our project in four or five towns. We may use
a sample offer or a free package to get users started quickly. Then
we wait and see if users buy those samples. If they do, will they
continue? How much will they buy? How long does it take for the profit
to return our cost of selling?
A test like this may cost $3,000 to $5,000. It is not all lost, even
when the product proves unpopular. Some sales are made. Nearly every
test will in time bring back the entire cost.
Sometimes we find that the cost of the advertising comes back before
the bills are due. That means that the product can be advertised without
investment. Many a great advertiser has been built up without any
cost whatever beyond immediate receipts. That is an ideal situation.
On another product it may take three months to bring back the cost
with a profit. But one is sure of his profit in that time. When he
spreads out he must finance accordingly.
Think what this means. A man has what he considers an advertising
possibility. But national advertising looks so big and expensive that
he dare not undertake it.
Now he presents it in a few average towns, at a very moderate cost.
With almost no risk whatever. From the few thousand he learns what
the millions will do. Then he acts accordingly. If he then branches
he knows to a certainty just what his results will be.
He is playing on the safe side of a hundred to one shot. If the article
is successful, it may make him millions. If he is mistaken about it,
the loss is a trifle.
These are facts we desire to emphasize and spread. All our largest
accounts are now built in this way, from very small beginnings. When
business men realize that this can be done, hundreds of others will
do it. For countless fortune-earners now lie dormant.
The largest advertiser in the world makes a business of starting
such projects. One by one he finds out winners. Now he has twenty-six,
and together they earn many millions yearly.
These test campaigns have other purposes. They answer countless questions
which arise in business.
A large food advertiser felt that his product would be more popular
in another form. He and all his advisers were certain about it. They
were willing to act on this supposition without consulting the consumers,
but wiser advice prevailed.
He inserted an ad in a few towns with a coupon, good at any store
for a package of the new-style product. Then he wrote to the users
about it. They were almost unanimous in their disapproval.
Later the same product was suggested in still another form. The previous
verdict made the change look dubious. The advertiser hardly thought
a test to be worth while. But he submitted the question to a few thousand
women in a similar way and 91 percent voted for lit. Now he has a
unique product which promises to largely increase his sales.
These tests cost about $1,000 each. The first one saved him a very
costly mistake. The second will probably bring him large profits.
Then we try test campaigns to try out new methods on advertising
already successful. Thus we constantly seek for better methods, without
interrupting plans already proved out.
In five years for one food advertiser we tried out over fifty separate
plans. Every little while we found an improvement, so the results
of our advertising constantly grew. At the end of five years we found
the best plan of all. It reduced our cost of selling by 75 percent.
That is, it was four times more effective than the best plan used
before.
That is what mail order advertisers do - try out plan after plan
to constantly reduce the cost. Why should any general advertiser be
less business-like and careful?
Another service of the test campaign is this:
An advertiser is doing mediocre advertising. A skilled advertising
agent feels that he can greatly increase results. The advertiser is
doubtful. He is doing fairly well. He has alliances which he hesitates
to break. So he is inclined to let well enough alone.
Now the question can be submitted to the verdict of a test. The new
agent may take a few towns, without interfering with the general campaign.
Then compare his results with the general results and prove his greater
skill.
Plausible arguments are easy in this line. One man after another
comes to an advertiser to claim superior knowledge or ability. It
is hard to decide, and decisions may be wrong.
Now actual figures gained at a small cost can settle the question
definitely. The advertiser makes no commitment. It is like saying
to a salesman, "Go out for a week and prove yourself." A large percentage
of all the advertising done would change hands if this method were
applied.
Again we come back to scientific advertising. Suppose a chemist would
say in an arbitrary way that this compound was best, or that better.
You would little respect his opinion. He makes tests - sometimes hundreds
of tests - to actually know which is best. He will never state a supposition
before he has proved it. How long before advertisers in general will
apply that exactness to advertising?
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