Just Salesmanship
To properly understand advertising or to learn even its rudiments one
must start with the right conception. Advertising is salesmanship.
Its principles are the principles of salesmanship. Successes and failures
in both lines are due to like causes. Thus every advertising question
should be answered by the salesman's standards.
Let us emphasize that point. The only purpose of advertising
is to make sales. It is profitable or unprofitable according to
its actual sales.
It is not for general effect. It is not to keep your name before
the people. It is not primarily to aid your other salesmen. Treat
it as a salesman. Force it to justify itself. Compare it with other
salesmen. Figure its cost and result. Accept no excuses which good
salesmen do not make. Then you will not go far wrong.
The difference is only in degree. Advertising is multiplied salesmanship.
It may appeal to thousands while the salesman talks to one. It involves
a corresponding cost. Some people spend $10 per word on an average
advertisement. Therefore every ad should be a super-salesman.
A salesman's mistake may cost little. An advertisers mistake may
cost a thousand times that much. Be more cautious, more exacting,
therefore.
A mediocre salesman may affect a small part of your trade. Mediocre
advertising affects all of your trade.
Many think of advertising as ad-writing. Literary qualifications
have no more to do with it than oratory has with salesmanship.
One must be able to express himself briefly, clearly and convincingly,
just as a salesman must. But fine writing is a distinct disadvantage.
So is unique literary style. They take attention from the subject.
They reveal the hook. Any studies done that attempt to sell, if apparent,
creates corresponding resistance.
That is so in personal salesmanship as in salesmanship-in-print.
Fine talkers are rarely good salesmen. They inspire buyers with the
fear of over-influence. They create the suspicion that an effort is
made to sell them on other lines than merit.
Successful salesmen are rarely good speech makers. They have few
oratorical graces. They are plain and sincere men who know their customers
and know their lines. So it is in ad writing.
Many of the ablest men in advertising are graduate salesmen. The
best we know have been house-to-house canvassers. They may know little
of grammar, nothing of rhetoric, but they know how to use words that
convince.
There is one simple way to answer many advertising questions. Ask
yourself," Would it help a salesman sell the goods?" "Would it help
me sell them if I met a buyer in person?"
A fair answer to those questions avoids countless mistakes. But when
one tries to show off, or does things merely to please himself, he
is little likely to strike a chord which leads people to spend money.
Some argue for slogans, some like clever conceits. Would you use
them in personal salesmanship? Can you imagine a customer whom such
things would impress? If not, don't rely on them for selling in print.
Some say "Be very brief. People will read for little." Would you
say that to a salesman? With a prospect standing before him, would
you confine him to any certain number of words? That would be an unthinkable
handicap.
So in advertising. The only readers we get are people whom our subject
interests. No one reads ads for amusements, long or short. Consider
them as prospects standing before you, seeking for information. Give
them enough to get action.
Some advocate large type and big headlines. Yet they do not admire
salesmen who talk in loud voices. People read all they care to read
in 8-point type. Our magazines and newspapers are printed in that
type. Folks are accustomed to it. Anything louder is like loud conversation.
It gains no attention worthwhile. It may not be offensive, but it
is useless and wasteful. It multiplies the cost of your story. And
to many it seems loud and blatant.
Others look for something queer and unusual. They want ads distinctive
in style or illustration. Would you want that in a salesman? Do not
men who act and dress in normal ways make a far better impression?
Some insist on dressy ads. That is all right to a certain degree,
but is quite important. Some poorly-dressed men, prove to be excellent
salesmen. Over dress in either is a fault.
So with countless questions. Measure them by salesmen's standards,
not by amusement standards. Ads are not written to entertain. When
they do, those entertainment seekers are little likely to be the people
whom you want.
That is one of the greatest advertising faults. Ad writers abandon
their parts. They forget they are salesmen and try to be performers.
Instead of sales, they seek applause.
When you plan or prepare an advertisement, keep before you a typical
buyer. Your subject, your headline has gained his or her attention.
Then in everything be guided by what you would do if you met the buyer
face-to-face. If you are a normal man and a good salesman you will
then do your level best.
Don't think of people in the mass. That gives you a blurred view.
Think of a typical individual, man or woman, who is likely to want
what you sell. Don't try to be amusing. Money spending is a serious
matter. Don't boast, for all people resent it. Don't try to show off.
Do just what you think a good salesman should do with a half-sold
person before him.
Some advertising men go out in person and sell to people before they
plan to write an ad. One of the ablest of them has spent weeks on
one article, selling from house to house. In this way they learn the
reactions from different forms of argument and approach. They learn
what possible buyers want and the factors which don't appeal. It is
quite customary to interview hundreds of possible customers.
Others send out questionnaires to learn the attitude of the buyers.
In some way all must learn how to strike responsive chords. Guesswork
is very expensive.
The maker of an advertised article knows the manufacturing side and
probably the dealers side. But this very knowledge often leads him
astray in respect to customers. His interests are not in their interests.
The advertising man studies the consumer. He tries to place himself
in the position of the buyer. His success largely depends on doing
that to the exclusion of everything else.
This book will contain no more important chapter than this one on
salesmanship. The reason for most of the non-successes in advertising
is trying to sell people what they do not want. But next to that comes
lack of true salesmanship.
Ads are planned and written with some utterly wrong conception. They
are written to please the seller. The interest of the buyer are forgotten.
One can never sell goods profitably, in person or in print, when that
attitude exists.
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